بررسی و رتبه‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر سازوکار به‌کارگیری رویکرد نوآوریِ باز در صنعت هوایی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

2 دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر

چکیده

ارتباطات شبکهای، از پایههای اساسی تشکیل اقتصادهای مبتنی بر نوآوری است. در این میان، رویکرد نوآوری باز با استفاده از مفهوم شبکهسازی دانشی، سعی در ایجاد ارتباطات تعاملی بین بازیگران دانشی و صنعتی برای تبادل ایده، فناوری و دانش در درون شبکه و کوتاه‌‌سازی مسیر توسعة محصول و نوآوری در محصولات دارد. این پژوهش تلاش میکند تا با استفاده از الگوی شایستگیهای سازمانی برای نوآوری بازِ هافکبرینک و شرول، وضعیت راهبردهای نوآوری باز را در صنعت هوایی ایران بررسی و چالشهای پیادهسازی آن را شناسایی کند. پژوهش حاضر از نوع پیمایشی و جامعة آماری آن شامل 66 نفر از کارشناسان و مدیران بخشهای مختلف صنعت هوایی میباشند. جهت گردآوری دادهها، از ابزار پرسشنامه استفاده شد. در این پژوهش، آزمون تی برای بررسی وضعیت هر یک از متغیرها و روش تاپسیس فازی برای رتبهبندی عوامل مؤثر بر رویکرد نوآوری باز مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که عامل توانمندی شبکهسازی از بعُد توانمندیهای مشارکتی و عوامل شناسایی فرصتهای نوآورانه و فهم و تبادل از بعُد ظرفیت جذب در شرایط نامطلوب قرار دارند، اما بقیة عوامل دارای وضعیت قابل قبولی هستند. همچنین رتبهبندی عوامل مؤثر بر رویکرد نوآوری باز، نشان داد که عوامل فهم و تبادل، شناسایی فرصتهای نوآورانه و توانمندی شبکهسازی دارای بیشترین اهمیت و عوامل طراحی خاص ساختار و فرآیند، همکاری از بیرون به درون و برعکس و همکاری داخلی دارای اولویت کمتری هستند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Reviewing and Rating Factors Affecting the Mechanism of Open Innovation Approach in Iran's Aviation Industry

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hosein Khosropour 1
  • Kamran Feizi 1
  • Seyed Kamal Tabaian 2
1 Allameh Tabataba’i University
2 Malek Ashtar University of Technology
چکیده [English]

Network communication is a fundamental pillar of innovation-based economy. Meanwhile, using the concept of knowledge networking, open innovation approach tries to create an interactive relationship between science and industry actors to exchange ideas, technology and knowledge within a network to shorten the course of development and innovation in organizations. Considering Hafkesbrink and Schroll's "Organizational Competences for Open Innovation Model", this paper tries to investigate open innovation strategies of Iran's aviation industry and to identify its implementation challenges. Here, we use survey method to collect data from 66 experts in air transport aviation maintenance agencies, and the data collection tool is a standard questionnaire. A T-test is used to examine the status of each variable, and the fuzzy TOPSIS method to rank factors influencing open innovation approach. The results clearly show that the factor of networking capability, from collaborative capabilities dimension; and the factors of identifying innovative opportunities, and understanding and exchanging, from absorptive capacity, are in undesirable conditions, but the rest of the factors have acceptable conditions. The affecting factors are also rated by fuzzy TOPSIS method, and the results show that the factors of understanding and exchanging, identifying innovative opportunities, and networking capabilities are the most important ones, and the factors of the specific designing of structure and process, outside-to-inside and vice versa cooperation, and internal cooperation are less important.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • open innovation
  • mechanism of open innovation
  • networking
  • absorptive capacity
  • fuzzy TOPSIS
[1] Chesbrough, H.W. Crowther, A.K. “Beyond high-tech: early adopters of Open Innovation in other industries” R&D Management, 36 (3), pp. 229–236,2006.
[2] Chesbrough, H. “Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation Landscape” Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 2006.
[3] Roper, S. Du, J. Love, J.H. “Modelling the innovation value chain” Research Policy, 37 (6/7), pp. 961-977, 2008.
[4] Amara, N. Landry, R.J. “Sources of information as determinants of novelty of innovation in manufacturing firms: Evidence from the 1999 statistics Canada innovation survey”Technovation, 25 (3), pp. 245-259, 2005.
[5] مشیری، بنیامین. "توسعه نوآوری باز در میان عناصر نظام ملی نوآوری" کنفرانس بین­الملی پارک­های علم و فناوری دانمارک (IASP)، کپنهاگ، 2011.
[6] von Krogh, G. Spaeth, S. ”The open source software phenomenon: characteristics that promote research” The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 16 (3), pp. 236–253, 2007.
[7] Dahlander, L. Gann, D.M. “How open is innovation?” Research Policy, 39(6), pp. 699–709, 2010.
[8] Teece, D.J. “Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration collaboration, licensing and public policy” Research Policy, 15, pp. 285–305, 1986.
[9] March, J. “Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning” Organization Science, 2 (1), pp. 71–87, 1991.
[10] Von Hippel, E. “Lead users: a source of novel product concepts” Management Science, 32 (7), pp. 791–805, 1986.
[11] Katz, R. Allen, T.J. “Investigating the not invented here (NIH) syndrome: a look at the performance, tenure, and communication patterns of 50 R&D project groups” R&D Management, 12 (1), pp. 7–19, 1982.
[12] دربندی، سمانه. خورشید، صدیقه. "رویکرد نوآوری باز و نقش آن در توسعه نوآوری" دومین کنفرانس ملی خلاقیت شناسی، TRIZ و مهندسی مدیریت نوآوری ایران و دومین کنفرانس ملی تفکر و آثار علمی تخلیی و کاربردهای آن در آموزش، پژوهش، اختراع و نوآوری، تهران، 1388.
[13] Hafkesbrink, J. Schroll, M. “Organizational Competences for Open Innovation in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises of the Digital Economy” innowise GmbH, Bürgerstr.pp. 15, Duisburg, Germany, 2010.
[14] Raasch, C. Herstatt, C. Abdelkafi, N. “Open Source Innovation - Characterics and Applicability Outside the Software Industry” Arbeitspapier, 53 der technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg, S. 4, 2009.
[15] Staudt, E. Kailer, N. Kriegesmann, B. Meier, A. Stephan, H. Ziegler, A. “Expertise and Innovation - A Survey of Human Resources Development and Beyond Knowledge Management” Innovation: Research and Management, Bochum, Germany, 1997.
[16] Mortara, L. Shawcross, J. Mills, J. Napp, J. Minshall, T. “Skills for Open Innovation in: Proceedings of The XX ISPIM Conference Huizingh K.R.E., Conn S., Torkkeli M. & Bitran I” Proceedings of The R&D Management Conference Butler, J. Vienna, Austria, 2009.
[17] Schneckenberg, D. “Knowledge needs Liberty - The Link between Corporate Governance and the Use of Web 2.0 to foster Knowledge Management” The XX ISPIM Conference Huizingh K.R.E., Conn S., Torkkeli M. & Bitran, Vienna, Austria: Proceedings of The R&D Management Conference Butler, J. 2009.
[18] Gadman, L. “Open source leadership” Proceedings of The XX ISPIM Conference Huizingh K.R.E., Conn S., Torkkeli M. & Bitran I. Vienna, Austria: The R&D Management Conference Butler, J. 2009.
[19] Jansen, J. Van Den Bosch, F. Volberda, H. W. “Managing Potential and Realized Absorptive Capacity: How do Organizational Antecedents, Matter?” Academy of Management Journal, 2005.  
[20] Boscherini, L. Cavaliere, A. Chiaroni, A. Chiesa, V. Frattini, F. “The process of organizational change in Open Innovation models: evidence from a sample of high - tech firms”  Huizingh K.R.E., Conn, S., Torkkeli, M. and Britain, I. Proceedings of the XX ISPIM Conference, Vienna, Austria: The R&D Management Conference Butler, J. 2009.
[21] Muschik, C. “Organizational competence - A contribution to the structuring of organizational competence and competence development” Research and Management, 17, Bochum, Germany, (2002).
[22] Schreyögg, G. Kliesch, M. “Organizational competencies and capabilities of their dynamic: A strategic perspective” QUEM-report documents Professional Development, 94, 2002.
[23] Svesson, J. Eriksson, C. “Open Innovation in Small Enterprise - a Living Lab Approach” The R&D Management Conference, Butler, Austria, 2009.
[24] Kesting, P. A. “Obstacles to Organisational Change - A Routine-Based View on Dynamic Capabilities” Social Science Research Network, 2006.
[25] Teece, D. P. “Dynamic Capibilities and Strategic Management” Strategic Management Journal, 516(18), pp. 509-533, 1997.
[26]  Antonacopoulou, E. F.S. “Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Learning: Socio-Political Tensions in Organizational Renewal” Advanced Institute of Management Research, 14(9), 2008.
[27] Testa, S. Z. “Thriving on open Innovation by fostering the "An - atman Enterprise" The R&D Management Conference Butler, Austria,(2009.
[28] Shimada, T. “A corporate growth strategy selection in open innovation: What is necessary for expanding corporate collaboration domain?” The R&D Management Conference, Butler, Austria, 2009.
[29] Fundneider, T. “Enabling Space: Creating the context for Innovation through Open Innovation processes” The R&D Management Conference, Butler, Austria, 2009.
[30] Lazzarotti, V. a. “Different modes of open innovation: a theoretical framework and a empirical study” The R&D Management Conference, Butler, Austria, 2009.
[31] Knudsen, L. a. “Collaborative Capability in R&D Alliances: Exploring the Link Between Organizational and Individual Level Factors”. Center for Strategic Management and Globalization, Copenhagen Business School, Porcelaenshaven, 24,200(10), 2008.
[32] Kock, C. J. “Open Innovation: A "Swingers' club " or "Going Steady?"”  2008.
[33] Kunz, R. “How do recent Trends in the Pharmaceutical and Biotech Industry influence Open Innovation Approaches?” The R&D Management Conference,  Butler, Austria, 2009.
[34] Pynnönnen, M. K. “Characteristics of open innovation business models: A systemic approach for innovation intermediaries” The R&D Management Conference, Butler, Austria, 2009.
[35] Pedersen, M. S. “Network characteristics and open innovation in SMEs” The R&D Management Conference, Butler, Austria, 2009.
[36] Schroll, A. “Empirical Evaluation of the Open Innovation Approach: Linking Firm, Market and Leader Characteristics to Open Innovation Adoption” The R&D Management Conference, Butler, Austria, 2009.
[37] Muschik, C. “Organizational competence - A contribution to the structuring of organizational competence and competence development” Research and Management, 17, Bochum, Germany, 2002.
[38] Brunswicker, S. a. “Taking a closer look into Open Innovation in SWE- The "Interplay" of Openness, Performance and Innovation Management Practices” the XX ISPIM Conference, Austria, 2009.
[39] Vanhaverbeke, W.C. “Connecting absortive capacity and open innovation” The R&D Management Conference, Butler, Austria, 2008.
[40] Chesbrough, H. W. “Open Innovation: A New Paradigm for Understanding Industrial Innovation” New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
[41] Cheng, C. “Does Open Innovation Improve Service Innovation Performance?” the XX ISPIM Conference, Austria, 2009.
[42] Ansett, S. “Boundary Spanner: The Gatekeeper of Innovation in Partnerships” pp. 36-44, 2004.
[43] Cohen, W. a. “Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation - Technology, Organizations and Innovation” Administrative Science Quarterly, 1990.
[44] باقری­نژاد، جعفر. درجزینی، مهدی. "نوآوری باز ،کلید موفقیت نوآوری در دنیای کسب و کار امروز" سومین کنفرانس بین­المللی وهفتمین کنفرانس ملی مدیریت فناوری، کیش، 1392.
[45] اخوان، پیمان. حسینی سرخوش، مهدی. منطقی، منوچهر. "بررسی رابطه نوآوری باز و موفقیت توسعه محصول جدید" سومین کنفرانس بین­المللی وهفتمین کنفرانس ملی مدیریت فناوری، کیش، 1392.
[46] Cooper, R. “Perspective: The Stage-Gate® Idea-to-Launch Process-Update, What's New, and NexGen Systems” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(6) ,pp. 213-232, 2008.
[47] Görnlund, J. Sjödin, D.  Frishammar, J. “Open innovation and the stage-gate process: A review” California Management Review, 52(3), pp. 1-26, 2010.